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RNA assemblages orchestrate complex cellular processes.

Finn Cilius Nielsen1, Heidi Theil Hansen2, Jan Christiansen2

  • 1Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

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|May 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA-binding proteins form liquid droplets to organize mRNAs, coordinating protein production. This review explores how phase transition concentrates mRNA, synchronizing protein synthesis for cellular functions.

Keywords:
RNA assemblageRNA-binding proteinRNP granuleliquid dropletlow-complexity sequencepost-transcriptional RNA regulon

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Eukaryotic mRNAs are typically monocistronic, necessitating mechanisms for coordinated multiprotein complex synthesis.
  • RNA-binding proteins with low-complexity sequences can form liquid droplets through liquid-liquid phase separation.
  • These droplets create cytoplasmic assemblies of functionally related messenger RNAs (mRNAs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of RNA-binding proteins and phase transition in mRNA localization and protein synthesis.
  • To investigate the mechanism by which cytoplasmic assemblages synchronize protein production.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated CLIP (iCLIP) to identify RNA-binding protein interactions.
  • Analysis of mRNA binding sites, specifically 3' untranslated regions.
  • Review of existing literature on phase transition and mRNA metabolism.

Main Results:

  • The Drosophila RNA-binding protein Imp, with its C-terminal low-complexity sequence, promotes F-actin formation.
  • Imp binds to 3' untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding F-actin biogenesis components.
  • Liquid-liquid phase separation by RNA-binding proteins concentrates specific mRNAs in the cytoplasm.

Conclusions:

  • Phase transition is a cellular mechanism to significantly increase local mRNA concentration.
  • This process synchronizes protein production within specific cytoplasmic territories.
  • Coordinated protein synthesis ensures proper stoichiometry and localization of multiprotein complexes.