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An Intravital Microscopy-Based Approach to Assess Intestinal Permeability and Epithelial Cell Shedding Performance
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Epithelial cell extrusion: Pathways and pathologies.

Swapna Aravind Gudipaty1, Jody Rosenblatt1

  • 1Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University Of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|May 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epithelial cell extrusion removes unwanted cells, maintaining tissue barrier function. Defects in this process can lead to diseases and pathogen invasion.

Keywords:
Epithelial extrusionMicrotubulesPiezo1RhoSphingosine-1-phosphateSphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2

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Live Imaging of Cell Extrusion from the Epidermis of Developing Zebrafish
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Epithelial Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Epithelia maintain barrier integrity through cell extrusion, a process removing dying or crowded cells.
  • Cell extrusion involves Sphingosine 1 Phosphate (S1P) signaling and Rho-mediated actomyosin contraction.
  • This process is crucial for tissue repair, homeostasis, and innate immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and signaling pathways controlling epithelial cell extrusion.
  • To discuss the link between defective extrusion and various pathologies.
  • To explore how pathogens exploit cell extrusion for infection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cell extrusion mechanisms.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in epithelial homeostasis.
  • Discussion of pathological consequences and pathogen interactions.

Main Results:

  • Cell extrusion utilizes S1P/S1P2/Rho signaling to expel cells apically while maintaining barrier integrity.
  • Defects in extrusion lead to loss of contact inhibition, mass formation, and compromised barrier function.
  • Pathogens have evolved strategies to manipulate cell extrusion for colonization.

Conclusions:

  • Epithelial cell extrusion is a vital process for tissue homeostasis and defense.
  • Disruptions in extrusion mechanisms contribute to diverse diseases.
  • Understanding extrusion is key to combating infectious diseases and epithelial pathologies.