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[Cyclic vomiting and abdominal pain from prolonged cannabis use]
Johanna Bjurström1, Steffen Friis2
1Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen - Department of Medicine Hellerup, Denmark Region Hovedstaden - Center for klinisk uddannelse Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Lakartidningen
|May 25, 2016
Summary
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a condition causing severe nausea and vomiting in chronic cannabis users. Early recognition and cessation of cannabis use can lead to complete symptom resolution.
Area of Science:
- Medical Case Report
- Clinical Toxicology
Background:
- Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a condition characterized by recurrent nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain in chronic cannabis users.
- Diagnostic challenges arise due to the non-specific nature of symptoms and the potential for misdiagnosis.
Observation:
- A 19-year-old female presented with intractable nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, with a history of multiple prior admissions and extensive, unrevealing investigations.
- The patient reported daily cannabis use for seven years and symptom exacerbation coinciding with monthly episodes, often seeking relief in hot baths.
Findings:
- Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) was suspected based on the patient's history and symptoms.
- Parenteral rehydration and counseling on cannabis cessation were initiated.
- Two months post-discharge, the patient ceased cannabis use and became symptom-free, confirming the diagnosis.
Implications:
- This case highlights the importance of considering CHS in patients with unexplained, cyclical gastrointestinal distress, particularly in regions with increasing cannabis use.
- Raising clinical awareness of CHS in Sweden is crucial, given the reported prevalence of cannabis use.
- Prompt diagnosis and intervention, including cannabis cessation, can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare utilization.