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Related Concept Videos

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
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Governing metal-organic frameworks towards high stability.

Na Li1, Jian Xu1, Rui Feng2

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China. tlhu@nankai.edu.cn buxh@nankai.edu.cn.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|May 28, 2016
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Summary

Strategies to enhance the stability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) involve tuning their chemical composition and structural architecture. This review details methods for designing robust MOFs for diverse applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials built from metal ions/clusters and organic linkers.
  • Their practical applications depend heavily on material stability.
  • Enhancing MOF stability is critical for widespread use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize strategies for improving MOF stability.
  • To provide guidance for designing and synthesizing highly stable MOFs.
  • To explore structural tuning and component selection for enhanced MOF performance.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating strategies focused on metal-ligand bond strength.
  • Examining structural modifications like interpenetration and multi-walled frameworks.
  • Considering surface modification techniques for stability enhancement.

Main Results:

  • Strategies include using highly charged cations and high pKa ligands.
  • Structural tuning involves interpenetrated, multi-walled, and self-strengthening frameworks.
  • Surface modification offers another route to improved material stability.

Conclusions:

  • Effective strategies for enhancing MOF stability are presented.
  • Guidance is provided for the rational design and synthesis of stable MOFs.
  • Component choice and structural tuning are key to achieving high-level MOF stability.