Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

315
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
315
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

664
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
664
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

439
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
439
Rh Blood Group01:19

Rh Blood Group

4.1K
The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.
4.1K
Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

995
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
995
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

1.1K
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PregMedNet: Multifaceted maternal medication impacts on neonatal complications.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Red Blood Cell Transfusions: Evidence Favors a Restrictive Approach in Neonates.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2026
Same author

Triglyceride profiles in preterm infants reveal dynamic and age-specific trajectories.

Frontiers in pediatrics·2026
Same author

Plasma or Serum? A Pilot Evaluation of Matrix Selection for Integrated Metabolomics and Exposomics of Clinical Samples.

Toxics·2026
Same author

AI Guided Parenteral Nutrition Therapy After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

NPJ digital medicine·2026
Same author

Single-cell spatiotemporal dissection of the human maternal-fetal interface.

Nature·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
06:27

Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates

Published on: December 31, 2015

8.6K

Hyperbilirubinemia in Preterm Neonates.

Vinod K Bhutani1, Ronald J Wong1, David K Stevenson1

  • 1Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Children's Health, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Clinics in Perinatology
|May 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Preterm infants with high bilirubin levels face risks from neurotoxicity or overtreatment. Expert guidance is crucial for managing bilirubin until further evidence emerges on its neurological effects and benefits.

Keywords:
Antioxidant propertiesBINDBilirubinPhotosensitivityReactive oxygen species

More Related Videos

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

12.0K
Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia
13:13

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia

Published on: August 24, 2011

14.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
06:27

Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates

Published on: December 31, 2015

8.6K
Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

12.0K
Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia
13:13

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia

Published on: August 24, 2011

14.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Preterm neonates are vulnerable to bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity.
  • High bilirubin levels can lead to adverse neurological outcomes.
  • Current management relies on expert consensus due to limited evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evolving evidence on bilirubin-induced brain injury in preterm infants.
  • To highlight clinical strategies for minimizing neurotoxicity risks.
  • To inform clinical practice regarding bilirubin management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on bilirubin metabolism and neurotoxicity.
  • Analysis of clinical guidelines and expert opinions.
  • Synthesis of current evidence on bilirubin's effects in preterm infants.

Main Results:

  • Increased bilirubin production loads correlate with higher risks in preterm neonates.
  • Neurotoxicity and overtreatment pose significant adverse outcome risks.
  • Evidence for refining understanding of bilirubin's neurological impact is still developing.

Conclusions:

  • Expert consensus remains vital for guiding interventions in preterm infants with high bilirubin.
  • Minimizing bilirubin neurotoxicity requires careful clinical approaches.
  • Further research is needed to better define bilirubin's role and optimize treatment thresholds.