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Related Concept Videos

DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Kinetics of Lagging-strand DNA Synthesis In Vitro by the Bacteriophage T7 Replication Proteins
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Kinetics of Lagging-strand DNA Synthesis In Vitro by the Bacteriophage T7 Replication Proteins

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The Replication System of Bacteriophage T7.

A W Kulczyk1, C C Richardson1

  • 1Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

The Enzymes
|June 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Bacteriophage T7 DNA replication uses a simple, efficient system. Four proteins form a complex that synthesizes DNA strands coordinately, modeling complex replication machinery.

Keywords:
Bacteriophage T7Coordination of DNA synthesisDNA helicaseDNA polymeraseDNA replicationLagging-strandLeading-strandRNA primaseReplisome

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Quantitative PCR of T7 Bacteriophage from Biopanning
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Kinetics of Lagging-strand DNA Synthesis In Vitro by the Bacteriophage T7 Replication Proteins
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Quantitative PCR of T7 Bacteriophage from Biopanning
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Synthesis of Infectious Bacteriophages in an E. coli-based Cell-free Expression System
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Bacteriophage T7 replicates its large genome rapidly.
  • The T7 replication system is a simplified model for DNA replication.
  • It involves a complex of four proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the chemical mechanisms of T7 DNA replication.
  • To explain how the T7 replisome achieves high-efficiency DNA synthesis.
  • To integrate structural and biochemical data for a comprehensive view.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature.
  • Integration of structural data.
  • Integration of biochemical data.
  • Integration of single-molecule data.

Main Results:

  • The T7 replisome, composed of four proteins, efficiently replicates DNA.
  • Individual proteins employ specific chemical mechanisms at the replication fork.
  • A coordinated action of the molecular machine synthesizes antiparallel DNA strands.

Conclusions:

  • The T7 replisome is a powerful model for understanding DNA replication.
  • Its efficiency provides insights into coordinated molecular machine function.
  • This system recapitulates key features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication.