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We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm
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Cooperation Survives and Cheating Pays in a Dynamic Network Structure with Unreliable Reputation.

Alberto Antonioni1,2,3, Angel Sánchez2,3,4, Marco Tomassini1,2

  • 1Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Scientific Reports
|June 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

In networked societies, fake reputations don't change overall cooperation but allow cheaters to profit. Honest individuals bear the cost of fraud, highlighting the need for trustworthy reputation systems.

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The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior
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The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior
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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Social Network Analysis
  • Game Theory

Background:

  • Reputation is crucial for decisions in networked societies with incomplete information.
  • Fraudulent reputations are a growing concern, increasing uncertainty in social and economic interactions.
  • The Prisoner's Dilemma models social interactions where reputation plays a key role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of fraudulent reputations on social interactions within a Prisoner's Dilemma framework.
  • To analyze individual and aggregate behavioral responses to unreliable reputation information.
  • To assess the economic consequences of reputation manipulation for honest and dishonest participants.

Main Methods:

  • An experiment based on the Prisoner's Dilemma was designed to simulate social interactions.
  • Participants had the option to invest resources to enhance their observable cooperativeness.
  • Behavioral patterns and outcomes were recorded to distinguish between reliable subjects and cheaters.

Main Results:

  • Aggregate cooperation levels remained largely unaffected by the presence of unreliable reputations.
  • Two distinct individual behaviors emerged: reliable subjects and cheaters who faked their reputation.
  • Cheaters achieved higher payoffs, while honest individuals incurred the costs of fraud, earning similar payoffs to cheaters.

Conclusions:

  • While global behavior is resilient to fake reputations, individual interactions reveal significant disparities.
  • Honest participants subsidize fraudulent actors, leading to an inequitable outcome.
  • Ensuring the veracity of reputation systems is essential for fostering a fairer and more equitable society.