Topical Formulation Comprising Fatty Acid Extract from Cod Liver Oil: Development, Evaluation and Stability Studies.

Area of Science:

• Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Microbiology
• Dermatology

Background:

• Cod liver oil and fish oils are known for oral health benefits.
• Their potential as topical antibacterial agents remains underexplored.
• Omega-3 fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, possess inherent antimicrobial properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a pharmaceutical formulation for topical delivery of omega-3 fatty acids.
• To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of a fatty acid extract rich in free omega-3s.
• To investigate the impact of various natural waxes on ointment properties.

Main Methods:

• Preparation of ointment formulations incorporating free fatty acid extract.
• In vitro testing against Gram-positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptoccoccus pyogenes, Streptoccoccus pneumonia).
• Characterization of ointment formulations using different natural waxes (carnauba, ozokerite, laurel, beeswax, rice bran, candelilla, microcrystalline) at 1-5% concentrations, assessing texture, consistency, and stability.

Main Results:

• The 20% (v/v) fatty acid extract demonstrated significant in vitro activity against tested Gram-positive bacteria.
• Different natural waxes influenced ointment texture, consistency, and rheological profiles.
• Microcrystalline wax yielded optimal results, while laurel wax, beeswax, and rice bran wax showed excellent texturing and balanced properties.

Conclusions:

• Free polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oils are effective and safe natural antibacterial agents for topical applications.
• Natural waxes play a crucial role in formulating stable and effective topical antibacterial ointments.
• Selected waxes like microcrystalline, laurel, beeswax, and rice bran are suitable for developing robust omega-3 fatty acid-based topical antibacterial products.