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Updated: Mar 19, 2026
Author Spotlight: Advancing Endoscopic Ossiculoplasty – Techniques, Innovations, and Practical Guidance for Clinical Integration
Published on: January 26, 2024
The Impact of Smoking on Ossiculoplasty Outcomes
Matthew D Cox1, Shane R Anderson, James Shep Russell
1*Division of Otology and Neurotology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas†Mater Health Services North Queensland, Mater Medical Centre, Pimlico, QLD, Australia.
Objectives:
To assess the impact of tobacco smoking on outcomes after ossiculoplasty.
Study Design:
Case series with chart review.
Setting:
Tertiary care center.
Patients:
Adult patients (16-88 yr of age) undergoing ossiculoplasty with cartilage tympanoplasty.
Outcome Measures:
Patients were classified as smokers (TOB) or nonsmokers (TOB). Comparisons were then made between these two groups with regard to early and late audiometric outcomes, rate of cure of conductive hearing loss, rate of successful graft healing, and incidence of complications after surgery.
Results:
There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to postoperative ΔPTA-ABG (change in pure-tone average air-bone gap) (-14.4 dB vs. -14.6 dB for TOB vs. TOB, respectively, p = 0.946) or final audiometric outcome (ΔPTA-ABGfinal) (-13.6 dB vs. -11.7 dB for TOB vs. TOB, respectively, p = 0.315), cure of conductive hearing loss, defined as closure of the PTA-ABG to ≤20 dB HL, at postoperative audiometry (75.0% [129/172] for the TOB group vs. 69.3% [52/75] for the TOB group, p = 0.355), late audiometry (71.4% [105/147] for the TOB group vs. 66.7% [44/66] for the TOB group, p = 0.483), or successful graft healing (99.4% in the TOB group vs. 98.7% in the TOB group, p = 0.544). However, complications were observed significantly (p = 0.0003) more often in the TOB group (34.7% [26/75]) than the TOB group (14.5% [25/172]).
Conclusion:
Smoking is not a significant risk factor for anatomic failure of cartilage tympanic membrane graft or worsened audiometric outcome after ossiculoplasty. However, complications were significantly more common in smokers, supporting the practice of primary tympanostomy tube placement at the time of ossiculoplasty.
