Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

11.6K
Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
11.6K
General External Flow Characteristics01:26

General External Flow Characteristics

585
The study of external flow is essential for creating structures and objects that interact efficiently and safely with moving fluids, such as air or water. When a body is immersed in a flowing fluid, it experiences two primary forces: drag, which opposes motion along the flow direction, and lift, which acts perpendicular to the flow. The shape, size, and orientation of the object influence these forces.Streamlined and Blunt Bodies in External FlowObjects in fluid flow are classified as...
585
Velocity and Acceleration in Steady and Unsteady Flow01:11

Velocity and Acceleration in Steady and Unsteady Flow

472
In fluid mechanics, velocity and acceleration are key concepts for analyzing particle motion in both steady and unsteady flow. Consider a fluid particle moving along a pathline, where its velocity depends on its position and time. The particle's acceleration is obtained by differentiating the velocity with respect to time.
The acceleration can be generalized to any point in the flow, and expressed as components along three perpendicular directions, representing changes in velocity over...
472
Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

830
Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...
830
Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Normal to a Streamline01:16

Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Normal to a Streamline

1.4K
Bernoulli's equation for flow normal to a streamline explains how pressure varies across curved streamlines due to the outward centrifugal forces induced by the fluid's curvature. The pressure is higher on the inner side of the curve, near the center of curvature, and decreases outward to balance these centrifugal forces.
The pressure difference depends on the fluid's velocity and radius of curvature. The pressure variation is minimal in flows with nearly straight streamlines. However, the...
1.4K
Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline01:30

Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline

1.6K
Bernoulli's equation relates the energy conservation in a fluid moving along a streamline. The equation applies to incompressible and inviscid fluids under steady flow. For such a flow, Newton's second law is applied to a small fluid element, which experiences forces due to pressure differences, gravity, and velocity variations. The force balance leads to the following form of Bernoulli's equation:
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Does acceptance of driver monitoring systems differ across countries? A latent profile analysis approach.

Accident; analysis and prevention·2026
Same author

Using psychophysiological metrics for understanding drivers' mental workload and visual attention when overtaking automated truck platoons.

Accident; analysis and prevention·2026
Same author

Crossing in the dark: Investigating the effect of vehicle kinematics and eHMI on older pedestrians' crossing behavior in a virtual reality experiment.

Journal of safety research·2026
Same author

The impact of N-back-induced mental workload and time budget on takeover performance.

Accident; analysis and prevention·2025
Same author

Assessing data imbalance correction methods and gaze entropy for collision prediction.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Modelling cognitive load using drift-diffusion models in pedestrian street-crossing: a method supported by neural evidence.

Accident; analysis and prevention·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
10:46

Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation

Published on: September 18, 2012

19.3K

The need for speed: global optic flow speed influences steering.

Georgios K Kountouriotis1, Callum D Mole2, Natasha Merat3

  • 1Department of Psychology , Manchester Metropolitan University , Manchester M15 6GX , UK.

Royal Society Open Science
|June 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Humans steering along paths rely on global optic flow speed, not path asymmetry. This finding suggests a new perceptual variable is crucial for steering control models.

Keywords:
asymmetrydrivinglocomotionoptic flowpathssteering

More Related Videos

High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
11:59

High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces

Published on: June 24, 2013

33.9K
Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
11:00

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

Published on: July 19, 2016

12.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
10:46

Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation

Published on: September 18, 2012

19.3K
High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
11:59

High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces

Published on: June 24, 2013

33.9K
Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
11:00

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

Published on: July 19, 2016

12.0K

Area of Science:

  • Visual Perception
  • Animal Navigation
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Animals navigate using optic flow, balancing visual field symmetry.
  • Sensitivity to optic flow asymmetries during curved path steering is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether steering control is influenced by optic flow asymmetries or global flow speed.
  • To determine the perceptual variables used in human steering.

Main Methods:

  • Humans steered along curved paths in a virtual reality environment.
  • Optic flow asymmetries and global flow speeds were experimentally manipulated.
  • Locomotor speed was kept constant.

Main Results:

  • Steering behavior was primarily influenced by global optic flow speed, not flow asymmetries.
  • This effect was observed independently of locomotor speed.

Conclusions:

  • The human brain averages optic flow speed globally for steering control.
  • Existing steering models need to incorporate global optic flow speed as a key perceptual variable.