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PCR

PCR

PCR - Polymerase Chain Reaction

PCR - Polymerase Chain Reaction

Proofreading

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore, it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase...

Proofreading

Proofreading

The Replisome

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...

The Replisome

The Replisome

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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Polymerase Chain Reaction: Basic Protocol Plus Troubleshooting and Optimization Strategies

Polymerase Chain Reaction: Basic Protocol Plus Troubleshooting and Optimization Strategies

Published on: May 22, 2012

PrimPol-A new polymerase on the block.

Sean G Rudd¹, Julie Bianchi², Aidan J Doherty¹

¹Genome Damage and Stability Center; University of Sussex ; Brighton, UK.

Molecular & Cellular Oncology

|June 17, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

PrimPol, an ancient DNA enzyme, initiates DNA synthesis and bypasses DNA damage during replication. This review covers its role in eukaryotic genome duplication and future research directions.

Keywords:

AEP DNA PrimPol TLS lesions polymerase primase replication repriming restart

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

PrimPol is a DNA-directed primase-polymerase from the archaeo-eukaryotic primase superfamily.
It plays a crucial role in genome duplication, addressing challenges during DNA replication.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the current understanding of PrimPol's function.
To highlight key questions regarding PrimPol's role in replication fork progression.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent studies on PrimPol.
Analysis of PrimPol's enzymatic activities and cellular roles.

Main Results:

PrimPol initiates de novo DNA/RNA synthesis and DNA chain elongation.
It facilitates trans-lesion synthesis and origin-independent re-priming to bypass DNA lesions.
PrimPol enables discontinuous leading strand synthesis, crucial for replication fork stability.

Conclusions:

PrimPol is a versatile enzyme essential for efficient genome duplication in eukaryotes.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate PrimPol's mechanisms and implications in DNA replication.