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Related Concept Videos

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
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Pharynx01:20

Pharynx

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The pharynx, a tubular structure framed by skeletal muscle and lined with mucous membrane, extends continuously from the nasal cavities. It is segmented into three major areas: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Nasopharynx
The nasopharynx, bordered by the conchae of the nasal cavity, serves exclusively as an air conduit. In its superior region, the pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids are located. These tonsils are clusters of lymphoid reticular tissue akin to a lymph node. The precise...
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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
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Larynx01:21

Larynx

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids,...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
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Airway reflux.

Nikki Johnston1, Frank Ondrey2, Rachel Rosen3

  • 1Departments of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, and Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. njohnsto@mcw.edu.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|June 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Airway reflux, involving both acidic and non-acidic reflux components, contributes to various adult and pediatric disorders. New research explores advanced models and treatments beyond traditional acid suppression therapies.

Keywords:
airwayextraesophageal reflux (EER)laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)pepsinrefluxsurgical approachestherapeutic approaches

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Otolaryngology
  • Investigating the impact of reflux on extraesophageal conditions

Background:

  • Airway reflux is increasingly recognized as a factor in numerous adult and pediatric disorders.
  • The complexity of airway reflux necessitates a multidisciplinary medical approach.
  • Both acidic and non-acidic refluxate components, including pepsin and bile, can damage tissues outside the esophagus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of airway reflux and its impact on extraesophageal conditions.
  • To highlight the limitations of traditional treatments like proton pump inhibitors for non-acidic reflux.
  • To discuss emerging research models and therapeutic strategies for airway reflux.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on airway reflux.
  • Analysis of in vitro and in vivo study models.
  • Discussion of novel therapeutic and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests non-acidic reflux components play a significant role in extraesophageal injury.
  • Proton pump inhibitors may be ineffective when non-acidic reflux is the primary cause.
  • New models and treatments are being developed for airway reflux.

Conclusions:

  • Airway reflux is a complex condition influenced by multiple refluxate components.
  • Current therapeutic strategies need to address both acidic and non-acidic reflux.
  • Advancements in research models and treatments offer new hope for managing airway reflux disorders.