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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Morphological and Compositional Analysis of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induced by Microbial and Chemical Stimuli
Published on: November 4, 2022
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation Is Independent of De Novo Gene Expression
Gabriel Sollberger1, Borko Amulic1, Arturo Zychlinsky1
1Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
Abstract:
Neutrophils are essential innate immune cells whose responses are crucial in the clearance of invading pathogens. Neutrophils can respond to infection by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are formed of chromatin and specific granular proteins and are released after execution of a poorly characterized cell death pathway. Here, we show that NET formation induced by PMA or Candida albicans is independent of RNA polymerase II and III-mediated transcription as well as of protein synthesis. Thus, neutrophils contain all the factors required for NET formation when they emerge from the bone marrow as differentiated cells.
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