Pneumonia I: Introduction
Tracheostomy Decannulation
Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes
Pneumothorax-II
Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology
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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Step-by-Step Stapedotomy through Transcanal Exclusive Endoscopic Approach
Published on: March 5, 2022
G Ziade1, R Barake1, T El Natout2
1Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
Delayed pneumolabyrinth, a rare inner ear air complication after stapes surgery, can occur years later. Early diagnosis and surgical repair are recommended for persistent vertigo and hearing loss.
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