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Related Concept Videos

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

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Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
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Implantation of a Carotid Cuff for Triggering Shear-stress Induced Atherosclerosis in Mice
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Data on TREM-1 activation destabilizing carotid plaques.

Velidi H Rao1, Vikrant Rai1, Samantha Stoupa1

  • 1Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States.

Data in Brief
|June 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) influences matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) via triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in carotid stenosis. This study details TNF-α

Keywords:
AtherosclerosisCarotid plaquesMacrophagesMatrix metalloproteinasesTriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1Unstable plaqueVascular smooth muscle cellsVulnerable plaque

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A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based Computational Protocol for Analysis of Plaque Morphology and Hemodynamics in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Inflammation
  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Carotid stenosis is associated with plaque instability and inflammation.
  • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays a role in inflammatory processes.
  • Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is implicated in inflammatory responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of TNF-α in regulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) through TREM-1 in carotid stenosis.
  • To examine the dose-response effects of TNF-α, TREM-1 antibody, and TREM-1/Fc fusion protein on MMP expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).
  • To analyze the distribution and co-localization of M1 and M2 macrophages with TREM-1 in symptomatic carotid plaques.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of VSMCs from human carotid endarterectomy tissues.
  • Treatment of VSMCs with TNF-α, TREM-1 antibody, and TREM-1/Fc fusion protein to assess MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression.
  • Dual immunofluorescence staining to visualize CD86+ (M1) and CD206+ (M2) macrophages and TREM-1 co-localization in carotid plaques.

Main Results:

  • TNF-α modulates the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 in VSMCs, a process influenced by TREM-1 signaling.
  • Specific dose-dependent effects of TNF-α, TREM-1 antibody, and TREM-1/Fc on MMP expression were observed.
  • Symptomatic carotid plaques exhibit distinct distributions of M1 and M2 macrophages, with TREM-1 co-localizing with these macrophage populations.

Conclusions:

  • TNF-α signaling, mediated by TREM-1, contributes to the regulation of MMPs in the context of carotid stenosis.
  • The findings suggest a complex interplay between TNF-α, TREM-1, macrophages, and MMPs in the pathogenesis of carotid plaque instability.
  • Targeting the TNF-α/TREM-1 pathway may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for managing carotid stenosis.