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Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
Published on: June 13, 2025
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How do we create, and improve, the evidence base?
N P T Innes1, F Schwendicke2, T Lamont1
1Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, Tayside, DD1 4HR.
British Dental Journal
|June 25, 2016
Summary
Improving clinical care requires high-quality evidence. Aggregating marginal gains in research and evidence synthesis processes enhances the reliability of medical information for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Medical Research Methodology
- Evidence-Based Practice
- Clinical Guideline Development
Background:
- Best clinical care relies on effective evidence for treatment decisions.
- Significant wastage exists in biomedical literature production, with <50% of published research being fit for purpose.
- Independent collaborations have emerged over 30 years to optimize evidence for patient care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the issue of wastage in biomedical evidence production.
- To advocate for the routine use of tools that reduce research quality leakage.
- To emphasize the 'aggregation of marginal gains' approach for improving evidence quality.
Main Methods:
- Review of independent collaborative initiatives focused on optimizing research quality.
- Analysis of the evidence production and distillation process.
- Application of the 'aggregation of marginal gains' perspective to cumulative improvements.
Main Results:
- Collaborative initiatives offer incremental improvements at various stages of evidence production.
- The cumulative effect of small enhancements significantly improves the quality of final evidence.
- A substantial portion of biomedical literature is currently unfit for informing clinical decisions.
Conclusions:
- Routine implementation of quality-improving tools is essential for all stakeholders involved in research.
- The 'aggregation of marginal gains' strategy effectively enhances the reliability of evidence-based medicine.
- Ensuring research benefits patients requires collective responsibility from funders, researchers, participants, and users.
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