Content Validity of Temporal Bone Models Printed Via Inexpensive Methods and Materials.

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Medical Education
• Anatomy

Background:

• Previous research validated the face validity of 3-D printed temporal bone models for otolaryngology resident training.
• This study aimed to assess the content validity of temporal bone models produced with affordable 3-D printing technology and materials.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the content validity of 3-D printed temporal bone models for surgical training.
• To evaluate the accuracy of inexpensive 3-D printed temporal bone models compared to cadaveric specimens.

Main Methods:

• Computed tomographic (CT) scans of four cadaveric temporal bones were acquired.
• 3-D models were printed using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic and scanned using identical CT protocols.
• Pixel differences and anatomical structure accuracy were assessed using PixelDiff software and expert otolaryngologist evaluation.

Main Results:

• The mean pixel difference between 3-D printed models and cadaveric CT scans was 14.25% ± 2.30%.
• Differences in cortical bone width and external auditory canal width were minimal (0.58 ± 0.66 mm and 0.55 ± 0.46 mm, respectively).
• Expert evaluation indicated good representation of mastoid air cells but poor accuracy for middle ear and otic capsule structures.

Conclusions:

• 3-D printed temporal bone models demonstrate sufficient accuracy for training residents in cortical mastoidectomies.
• These models are less effective for training procedures involving delicate middle ear structures.
• Inexpensive 3-D printed models offer a viable adjunct for specific aspects of otolaryngology surgical training.