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[The expression and role of MIF, NF-κB and IL-1β in nasal polyps]
Objective:
To investigate the expression of MIF, NF-κB p65 and IL-1β in the tissue of nasal polyps and normal inferior turbinate, to analyze their relevance, and to explore their role in nasal polyps.
Method:
The infiltrating results of EOS and others inflammatory cells in 48 cases diagnosed as nasal polyps (nasal polyps group) were detected by HE staining, and the expression of MIF, NF-κB p65 and IL-1β were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Twenty-one patients who were performed septoplasty orthotics were included as the control group; the VAS and Lund-Kennedy score were used to evaluate the degree of nasal polyps in patients and the correlation analysis was conducted between the disease severity and the expression levels of this three factors.
Result:
(1) The infiltrating results of EOS and the expression level of MIF, NF-κB p65, IL-1β in nasal polyps group are obviously higher than these in the control group (P < 0.05); Spearman correlation analysis shows that MIF, NF-κb p65 and IL-1β are positively correlated with each other (r = 0.74, 0.66, 0.60, P < 0.05); the nuclear activation rate of NF-κB p65 is positively correlated with MIF, IL-1β (r = 0.67, 0.63, P < 0.05); the infiltration degree of EOS is positively correlated with MIF, IL-1β (r = 0.49, 0.55, P < 0.05), but has no correlation with the NF-κB p65 and its nuclear activation rate. (2) The VAS grade of the nasal polyps group is 8.24 ± 1.72 and the nasal endoscopic examination grade is 8.63 ± 3.81. Spearman correlation analysis shows that the VAS grade is positively correlated with the level of MIF (r = 0.71, P < 0.05), but had no correlation with NF-κB p65, its nuclear activation rate and IL-1β. The nasal endoscopic examination grade is positively correlated with MIF and the nuclear activation rate of NF-κB p65 (r = 0.79, 0.73, P < 0.05), but has no correlation with the level of NF-κB p65 and IL-1β (P > 0.05).
Conclusion:
MIF, NF-κB p65 and IL-1β may promote the development of the nasal polyps, and there may exist the IL-1β--NF-κB--MIF approach in nasal polyps; MIF and NF-κB may participate in maintaining physiological function of inferior turbinate and have relations with the lightest sustained inflammation of inferior turbinate. The MIF and NF-κB p65 nuclear activation rate can be used as a standard of the nasal polyp severity and the judgement prognosis.
Insights
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), NF-κB p65, and IL-1β are elevated in nasal polyps, suggesting they promote disease development. MIF and NF-κB p65 levels can indicate nasal polyp severity and prognosis.
Area of Science:
- Otorhinolaryngology
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Nasal polyps are inflammatory growths in the nasal cavity.
- The roles of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF), Nuclear Factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in nasal polyps are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the expression levels of MIF, NF-κB p65, and IL-1β in nasal polyps and normal inferior turbinate tissues.
- To analyze the correlations between these factors and their relevance to nasal polyp development.
- To explore the potential role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps.
Main Methods:
- Immunohistochemistry was used to detect MIF, NF-κB p65, and IL-1β expression in 48 nasal polyp tissues and 21 normal inferior turbinate tissues.
- Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining assessed inflammatory cell infiltration, particularly eosinophils (EOS).
- Correlation analyses (Spearman) were performed between the expression levels of these factors and clinical severity scores (VAS, Lund-Kennedy).
Main Results:
- Nasal polyp tissues showed significantly higher infiltration of EOS and elevated expression of MIF, NF-κB p65, and IL-1β compared to controls (P < 0.05).
- MIF, NF-κB p65, and IL-1β expression levels were positively correlated with each other.
- MIF and NF-κB p65 nuclear activation rate correlated with nasal polyp severity scores, suggesting their role as potential biomarkers.
Conclusions:
- MIF, NF-κB p65, and IL-1β are implicated in the development and progression of nasal polyps.
- A potential IL-1β–NF-κB–MIF pathway may exist in nasal polyps.
- MIF and NF-κB p65 may serve as indicators for assessing nasal polyp severity and predicting prognosis.
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