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Related Concept Videos

Power and Energy01:12

Power and Energy

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The power and energy delivered to an element are subjects of great significance in the field of electrical engineering. It is a well-known fact that a 100-watt light bulb emits more light than a 60-watt one. Therefore, power and energy calculations play a crucial role in the analysis of electrical circuits.
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Transformers01:26

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A device that transforms voltages from one value to another using induction is called a transformer. A transformer consists of two separate coils, or windings, wrapped around the same soft iron core. However, they are electrically insulated from each other.
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Induction01:16

Induction

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An emf is induced when the magnetic field in a coil is changed by pushing a bar magnet into or out of the coil. emfs of opposite signs are produced by motion in opposite directions, and the directions of emfs are also reversed by reversing poles. The same results are produced if the coil is moved rather than the magnet—it is the relative motion that is important. The faster the motion, the greater the emf. Additionally, there is no emf when the magnet is stationary relative to the coil.
A...
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Power in a Three-Phase Circuit01:15

Power in a Three-Phase Circuit

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Three-phase systems have two configurations: the wye and delta. A star configuration can be three or four wires; in a delta configuration, the components are connected in a closed loop. Instantaneous power refers to the power value at a precise moment, and in a balanced three-phase system, it is constant. This is because the sum of the instantaneous powers in the three phases remains steady over time, despite individual fluctuations, due to the symmetry and phase relationship. The total...
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Power01:08

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The concept of work involves force and displacement; meanwhile, the work-energy theorem relates the net work done on a body to the difference in its kinetic energy, calculated between two points on its trajectory. While none of these quantities or relations involves time explicitly, we know that the time available to accomplish work is often just as important as the amount of work itself. For example, sprinters in a race may have achieved the same velocity at the finish, therefore,...
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The Delta-to-Y Circuit01:16

The Delta-to-Y Circuit

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In the delta-wye circuit, the source is delta-connected, while the load is in a wye configuration. This means that the phase voltage of the delta-connected source is equal to the line voltage of the wye-connected load. The connection between two-line currents originates from the delta-connected source. The phase difference in the balanced system allows for calculating one line current given the other, utilizing the positive sequence of phases. In the delta-wye system, the phase currents in the...
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What induces watts in WAT?

Claude Forest1, Nolwenn Joffin1, Anne-Marie Jaubert2

  • 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S 1124, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Pharmacologie Toxicologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Institut de Recherche Biomédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.

Adipocyte
|July 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) or inducing "browning" in white adipose tissue (WAT) can reduce stored calories. This review focuses on extracellular factors that trigger UCP1 in WAT, promoting energy expenditure.

Keywords:
UCP1adipose tissuebrowningcitrullinenutrientsobesity

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic research
  • Adipose tissue biology
  • Cellular metabolism

Background:

  • Excess calories stored in white adipose tissue (WAT) can be reduced by activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) or inducing brown-like cells (beige/brite) in WAT, a process known as "browning."
  • Calorie dissipation in brown and beige adipocytes is often linked to the induction of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is typically absent in white fat cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update the characterization of extracellular effectors that induce UCP1 in WAT.
  • To explore the potential for provoking calorie dissipation through WAT browning.
  • To question the influence of metabolic cycling on energy expenditure.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of intracellular events in beige precursor recruitment.
  • Analysis of effectors, hormones, cytokines, nutrients, and drugs modulating browning.
  • Examination of extracellular factors inducing UCP1 in WAT.

Main Results:

  • UCP1 induction in WAT is a key indicator of energy expenditure.
  • Various intracellular and extracellular factors influence the browning process.
  • The role of metabolic cycling in energy expenditure requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular factors play a significant role in inducing UCP1 in WAT, potentially leading to calorie dissipation.
  • Understanding these effectors is crucial for developing strategies to manage fat mass.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the impact of metabolic cycling on energy expenditure.