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Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Cell morphologic changes and PCNA expression within craniofacial sutures during monkey Class III treatment.

X Han1, H Lu2, S Li3

  • 1Stomatology Department, Kunming Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research
|July 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Class III functional appliances promote craniofacial suture remodeling in Rhesus monkeys. The magnetic twin-block appliance enhances cellular activity and proliferation, particularly in the pterygopalatine and zygomaticomaxillary sutures.

Keywords:
Class III treatmentcraniofacial suturesfunctionalmonkey

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial Biology
  • Orthodontics
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Class III malocclusion presents significant challenges in craniofacial development.
  • Functional appliances are utilized to modify skeletal growth patterns.
  • Understanding suture response to orthodontic treatment is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cellular morphologic changes and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in craniofacial sutures.
  • To compare the effects of a Class III functional appliance on suture remodeling.
  • To identify specific sutures exhibiting heightened activity during treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Histomorphologic analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and PCNA immunohistochemistry were employed.
  • Six Rhesus monkeys were divided into 45-day and 90-day experimental groups and a control group.
  • Six craniofacial sutures were analyzed: zygomaticomaxillary, zygomaticotemporal, transverse palatine, pterygopalatine, zygomaticofrontal, and frontomaxillary.

Main Results:

  • Altered bone remodeling, including deposition and resorption, was observed in experimental groups.
  • Increased fibroblast activity with abundant organelles was noted.
  • PCNA expression significantly increased in experimental groups compared to controls, with peak activity observed at 45 days and sustained at 90 days.
  • The pterygopalatine and zygomaticomaxillary sutures showed the highest PCNA expression.

Conclusions:

  • The pterygopalatine and zygomaticomaxillary sutures are key sites for craniofacial complex remodeling during Class III treatment.
  • The magnetic twin-block appliance effectively stimulates suture remodeling by enhancing osteoblast, osteoclast, and fibroblast activity.
  • The appliance's most pronounced effects on cellular activity and proliferation occur during the early phase of treatment.