Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

4.2K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
4.2K
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

4.5K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
4.5K
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

820
Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
820
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

3.4K
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
3.4K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

5.7K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
5.7K
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

6.5K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
6.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Current Approaches to Design Space Development and Regulatory Applications for Drug Products: Findings from the IQ Utilization of Design Space for Filings Working Group Survey.

Pharmaceutical research·2024
Same author

Implementation of mechanistic modeling and global sensitivity analysis (GSA) for design, optimization, and scale-up of a roller compaction process.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2024
Same author

Study on Flexural Performance of Aluminum Alloy Gusset Joints Subjected to Bending Moment and Shear Force.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes the early occurrence of esophageal cancer through upregulation of IL-32/PRTN3 expression.

Cancer science·2023
Same author

Fiber Residual Stress Effects on Modal Gain Equalization of Few-Mode Fiber Amplifier.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Non-coding RNA and arrhythmias: expression, function, and molecular mechanism.

Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology·2023
Same journal

Dual-Targeted Radionuclide Therapy with <sup>161</sup>Tb Instigates Anticancer Immunity in "Cold" Murine Prostate Tumor.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Development of [<sup>111</sup>In]In-CHX-A″-DTPA-αCD68 for ImmunoSPECT to Image Murine Macrophages.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Mechanistic Insight into Self-Gelation Involved in Prescription Design for Optimization of Tablet Performance.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

[<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-DOTA-DP-UBI 29-41: A Novel <sup>68</sup>Ga-Labeled Ubiquicidin 29-41 Derivative Containing d-Proline for Bacterial Infection PET Imaging.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Comparative Investigation of the Impact of Sodium Citrate Buffers on Lipid Nanoparticles of circRNA or Linear mRNA.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Preclinical Evaluation of <sup>177</sup>Lu-Labeled Anti-CLDN18.2 VHH-Fc for Radioimmunotherapy in Gastric Cancer.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
11:42

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

8.4K

Reduced Crystallization Temperature Methodology for Polymer Selection in Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Stability

Chandan Bhugra1, Chitra Telang1, Robert Schwabe1

  • 1Pharmaceutical Development, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States.

Molecular Pharmaceutics
|July 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new method using reduced crystallization temperature (CP) effectively ranks polymers for stable amorphous drug dispersions. Large CP differences predict stability, guiding polymer selection for pharmaceutical development.

Keywords:
amorphouscrystallizationphysical stabilitypolymer selectionreduced crystallization temperature

More Related Videos

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

2.6K
Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: March 13, 2021

6.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
11:42

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

8.4K
A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

2.6K
Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: March 13, 2021

6.0K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Selecting appropriate polymeric matrices is crucial for stabilizing amorphous solid dispersions of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs).
  • Traditional methods like spectroscopy and calorimetry (e.g., melting point depression) are used to study API-polymer interactions.
  • An alternative, pragmatic approach is needed for efficient polymer selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore reduced crystallization temperature as a tool to rank API-polymer interactions for stable amorphous dispersions.
  • To calculate a "crystallization parameter" (CP) for model systems and correlate it with known stability data.
  • To assess the predictive power of CP for API-polymer interactions and stability outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the reduced crystallization temperature of API as a parameter to rank polymer interactions.
  • Calculated the crystallization parameter (CP) by monitoring trends in reduced crystallization temperature across a range of polymer loadings (up to 20%).
  • Evaluated two model systems: nifedipine and BI ABC, and correlated CP rank order with existing molecular interaction and stability data.

Main Results:

  • For nifedipine, the CP rank order was PVP > PVP-VA > Soluplus > HPMCAS > PVAc > PAA, aligning with published interaction data.
  • For BI ABC, a different rank order was observed (PAA > PVP > HPMCAS > Soluplus > PVPA-VA > PVAc), with less differentiated CP trends.
  • BI ABC dispersions (40-60% drug loading) showed physical stability under ICH and accelerated stress conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Large differences in the crystallization parameter (CP) among polymers may predict the physical stability of amorphous dispersions.
  • For compounds like BI ABC, where CP differences are small but stability is achieved at high drug loadings, downstream factors (solubility, processability, supersaturation) are more critical than initial stability considerations.
  • Reduced crystallization temperature offers a valuable alternative tool for ranking API-polymer interactions in the development of amorphous solid dispersions.