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Determining solar effects in Neptune's atmosphere.

K L Aplin1, R G Harrison2

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.

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|July 16, 2016
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Summary

Neptune's atmospheric aerosol brightness is influenced by both ultraviolet radiation and galactic cosmic rays (GCR). This combined effect, rather than either individually, likely modulates Neptune's atmosphere, supported by observed periodicities.

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Atmospheric Physics
  • Solar-Terrestrial Relationships

Background:

  • Neptune's brightness variations have been linked to the solar cycle.
  • Previous hypotheses suggested ultraviolet or galactic cosmic ray (GCR) influences on atmospheric particles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined influence of ultraviolet radiation and GCR on Neptune's atmospheric aerosol.
  • To analyze long-duration brightness data (1972-2014) using physically realistic modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a long-term dataset of Neptune's brightness at visible wavelengths.
  • Applied physically realistic modeling to interpret brightness variations.
  • Correlated Neptune's atmospheric response with solar activity and GCR measurements.

Main Results:

  • Found that both ultraviolet radiation and GCR likely modulate Neptune's atmosphere in combination.
  • Identified a 1.5- to 1.9-year periodicity in Neptune's atmosphere, coinciding with GCR variations.
  • Observed similar periodicity in GCR data from Earth and Voyager 2 near Neptune.

Conclusions:

  • The combined action of GCR and ultraviolet radiation is the most probable driver of Neptune's atmospheric aerosol changes.
  • Nucleation onto GCR ions is a plausible mechanism for Neptune's observed brightness variability.
  • Both GCR and ultraviolet mechanisms may operate faster than atmospheric particle transport.