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Related Concept Videos

Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which...
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen for Unveiling Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Genes
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CRISPR Screens to Discover Functional Noncoding Elements.

Jason B Wright1, Neville E Sanjana2

  • 1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|July 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying functional elements in the noncoding genome is challenging. Pooled clustered regularly interspersed palindromic repeat (CRISPR) mutagenesis screens offer a novel high-throughput method for dissecting these elements and their impact on biological processes.

Keywords:
CRISPRCas9enhancerfunctional genomicsgene regulationnoncoding

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Functional Genomics

Background:

  • The noncoding genome contains crucial functional elements that regulate gene expression and biological processes.
  • Identifying these noncoding elements presents a significant challenge in genomics research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare various high-throughput approaches for dissecting noncoding genomic elements.
  • To highlight the utility of pooled clustered regularly interspersed palindromic repeat (CRISPR) mutagenesis screens in this area.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on high-throughput methods for noncoding element analysis.
  • Focus on pooled clustered regularly interspersed palindromic repeat (CRISPR) mutagenesis screens.
  • Comparative analysis of different screening strategies.

Main Results:

  • Pooled CRISPR mutagenesis screens are a powerful emerging tool for functional genomics.
  • These screens enable the identification of noncoding elements impacting gene expression and phenotypes.
  • Various approaches exist for high-throughput dissection of noncoding regions.

Conclusions:

  • High-throughput dissection of the noncoding genome is advancing rapidly.
  • Pooled CRISPR screens represent a significant methodological innovation for functional genomics.
  • Further development and comparison of these methods will accelerate the discovery of noncoding functional elements.