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Novel human astroviruses: Novel human diseases?
Diem-Lan Vu1, Samuel Cordey1, Francisco Brito2
1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland; University of Geneva Medical School, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
Summary
Novel astroviruses, related to animal strains, cause infections in humans, including severe neurological conditions like encephalitis and meningitis, especially in immunocompromised individuals. These viruses show high prevalence, particularly in young children.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Classical human astroviruses (HAstV) are known causes of childhood diarrhea.
- Recent molecular assays have identified novel astroviruses (HAstV-MLB, HAstV-VA/HMO) in humans.
- These novel viruses are phylogenetically closer to animal astroviruses, suggesting zoonotic potential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of novel astroviruses in humans.
- To explore the potential role of novel astroviruses in non-enteric diseases.
- To assess the diagnostic importance of novel astroviruses in specific patient populations.
Main Methods:
- Phylogenetic analysis to determine evolutionary relationships.
- Molecular assays for viral RNA detection in various biological samples.
- Serological studies to assess population-level exposure and prevalence.
Main Results:
- Novel astroviruses demonstrate high seroprevalence and infection rates in early life.
- Viral RNA detected in cerebrospinal fluid and brain biopsies indicates potential for neurological disease.
- Severe infections are predominantly observed in immunocompromised patients.
Conclusions:
- Novel astroviruses, potentially acquired through cross-species transmission, are implicated in human infections beyond gastroenteritis.
- These viruses may cause severe neurological syndromes such as encephalitis and meningitis.
- Consideration of novel astroviruses in the differential diagnosis of unexplained neurological conditions in immunocompromised patients is warranted.
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