Smart micelleplexes as a new therapeutic approach for RNA delivery

Recent scientific discoveries have revealed the potential of using RNA molecules as therapeutic agents/targets. However, a significant key factor in the success of RNA-based therapeutics is the development of vehicles that allow their efficient delivery in the correct dose, time and location, without causing unwanted side effects. Areas covered: In this review, we provide an overview of the recent approaches proposed to overcome the chemical, biochemical and physiological barriers still present in the delivery of RNA-based therapeutics, in addition we will be discuss their use and drawbacks. This review highlights current knowledge and progress in the field of delivery of these therapeutic oligoribonucleotides, namely the use of micelleplexes as highly promising carriers. Finally, it is presented an analysis in what concerns to the ongoing challenges and future directions that have to be addressed to ensure the specificity and efficacy of RNA-based therapeutics for clinical application. Expert opinion: Micelleplexes can be prepared with different morphologies and stability depending on the block copolymer composition and structure. Besides, micelleplex functionalization with active targeting ligands and/or polymers allows RNA delivery or co-delivery (with chemotherapeutics agents) in a single nanocarrier, improving their therapeutic efficacy, selectivity and RNA release.