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A USPIO doped gel phantom for R2* relaxometry.

Gregory C Brown1, Gary J Cowin2, Graham J Galloway3

  • 1Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Building 57, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. Greg.Brown@cai.uq.edu.au.

Magma (New York, N.Y.)
|July 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A new phantom with controlled R2* values was developed for calibrating R2* relaxometry. This stable reference object ensures accurate liver and heart iron assessments in MRI scans.

Keywords:
CalibrationMRIPhantom imagingQuantitative evaluation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • R2* relaxometry is crucial for assessing iron overload in organs like the liver and heart.
  • Accurate R2* measurements depend on reliable calibration and reference standards.
  • Existing phantoms may lack the stability or controlled R2* properties needed for rigorous testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel phantom for R2* relaxometry.
  • To provide a stable and reproducible reference object for testing MRI implementations.
  • To facilitate accurate liver and heart iron quantification.

Main Methods:

  • A phantom was constructed using gadolinium DTPA doped agarose gel embedded with ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.
  • R2* values were measured at 1.5 T using multi-echo gradient recalled echo (GRE) sequences.
  • Non-linear regression analysis was employed to determine R2* values and relaxivity, alongside R1, R2 measurements and reproducibility assessments.

Main Results:

  • The phantom demonstrated stable R2* values across seven distinct levels, ranging from 22.4 s⁻¹ to 441.9 s⁻¹.
  • A concentration-dependent R2' component was observed, indicating superparamagnetic effects.
  • The phantom exhibited no significant change in relaxivity over 12 months, with an estimated useful life of 3 years.

Conclusions:

  • The developed phantom serves as a durable and reliable test object for R2* relaxometry.
  • It offers controlled R2* relaxation behavior essential for reference work in MRI.
  • This phantom supports the validation of R2* measurement techniques for clinical applications.