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Related Concept Videos

Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

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An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

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Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
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Novel and Innovative Hybrid Technique for Type A Aortic Dissection
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Aortic dissection.

Christoph A Nienaber1,2, Rachel E Clough3,4, Natzi Sakalihasan5

  • 1Cardiology and Aortic Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aortic dissection, a tear in the aorta, requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Advances favor endovascular intervention for high-risk patients, improving outcomes for this life-threatening condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Aortic dissection involves a tear in the aorta's inner lining, leading to separation of its layers.
  • It most commonly affects individuals aged 65-75, with an incidence of 35 per 100,000.
  • Hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome are key risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize contemporary management strategies for aortic dissection.
  • To highlight the evolving role of endovascular interventions.
  • To emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary care including imaging, biomarkers, and genetic profiling.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current diagnostic and treatment paradigms for aortic dissection.
  • Analysis of risk factors and patient populations.
  • Evaluation of surgical versus endovascular approaches based on dissection location and severity.

Main Results:

  • Management is multidisciplinary, incorporating imaging, biomarkers, and genetic profiling.
  • Open surgery is standard for ascending aorta/arch dissections.
  • Minimally invasive endovascular intervention is suitable for complicated descending aorta dissections.

Conclusions:

  • Recent understanding of pathophysiology supports increased use of endovascular interventions for high-risk patients.
  • Timely diagnosis and tailored treatment are critical for managing aortic dissection.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches and advanced interventions are improving patient care.