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Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
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Changes in default mode network as automaticity develops in a categorization task.

Farzin Shamloo1, Sebastien Helie1

  • 1Purdue University, United States.

Behavioural Brain Research
|July 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Automaticity in rule-based categorization reduces default mode network (DMN) deactivation and alters functional connectivity. This suggests a brain strategy shift during learning, with less DMN involvement as tasks become automatic.

Keywords:
AutomaticityCategorizationDefault mode networkFunctional connectivity

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Brain Networks

Background:

  • The default mode network (DMN) typically shows reduced activity during tasks requiring external attention.
  • Automatic task processing, characterized by reduced attentional demands, may alter DMN engagement compared to initial learning stages.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for bridging cognitive and neuroscientific models of automaticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the development of automaticity in rule-based categorization affects default mode network (DMN) deactivation and functional connectivity.
  • To test the hypothesis that automaticity leads to less DMN deactivation and altered connectivity compared to early learning phases.

Main Methods:

  • Re-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from participants trained extensively (over 10,000 trials) in rule-based categorization.
  • Analysis of DMN deactivation patterns during initial learning versus after automaticity development.
  • Seed-based functional connectivity analyses using key DMN regions (precuneus, medial prefrontal cortex) and a task-related region (Brodmann area 6).

Main Results:

  • Some DMN regions showed deactivation during initial training but not after automaticity was achieved.
  • A significant decrease in DMN deactivation was observed after extensive practice.
  • Increased functional connectivity between DMN and non-DMN regions was found post-automaticity, alongside decreased connectivity between medial prefrontal cortex and ventromedial orbitofrontal cortex.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support a strategy shift in automatic categorization, where reduced cognitive resource demand is linked to DMN disinhibition.
  • Automaticity is associated with stronger functional connectivity between DMN and task-related brain regions.
  • These results integrate cognitive and neuroscientific perspectives on automaticity by demonstrating neural changes accompanying reduced resource needs.