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Ex utero Electroporation and Whole Hemisphere Explants: A Simple Experimental Method for Studies of Early Cortical Development

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Conservation of Distinct Genetically-Mediated Human Cortical Pattern.

Qian Peng^1,2, Andrew Schork^3,4, Hauke Bartsch³

¹Department of Human Biology, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America.

|July 27, 2016

Summary

Genetic factors shape the human brain's cortical surface areas, revealing consistent patterns across diverse datasets. These findings highlight the biological basis of brain structure and function.

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Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Human Brain Anatomy

Background:

The human cortex exhibits conserved anatomical and functional patterns across individuals.
These patterns suggest genetic influence on cortical organization, but the extent is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess genetic relationships among 12 cortical surface areas.
To determine if a consistent, biologically meaningful pattern exists across different data types.

Main Methods:

Utilized brain images and genotype data from 2,364 unrelated individuals.
Analyzed brain images from 466 twin pairs.
Examined transcriptome data from 6 postmortem brains.

Main Results:

Patterns from all data sets were highly consistent (p<10-3) and biologically meaningful.
Cortical regions within the same lobes showed close genetic relationships.
The frontal lobe displayed the most distinct genetic and expression patterns, implicating immune-related genes.

Conclusions:

Demonstrated biological consistency of genetic phenomena in the brain using diverse data.
Confirmed genetic underpinnings of cortical organization and regional specialization.
Identified unique genetic and expression profiles in the frontal lobe, suggesting specialized evolutionary and functional roles.