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Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
Published on: April 26, 2024
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness as an Indicator of Depression in Hispanic Americans
Brian A Nuyen1, Rina S Fox2,3, Vanessa L Malcarne2,3,4
1University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego) School of Medicine.
Introduction:
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) has been shown to be associated with depression; however, this relationship has not been confirmed among Hispanic Americans.
Method:
This study examined the link between EDS and depression among Hispanic Americans (N = 411) and explored the potential moderating roles of age, gender, income, education, health status, and acculturation. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 measured EDS and depression, respectively.
Results:
Hierarchical linear regression demonstrated that EDS was significantly related to depression. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that the Epworth Sleepiness Scale discriminated with adequate sensitivity and specificity between participants with moderately severe depression and those with less severe symptoms. No sociodemographic variables moderated the EDS-depression relationship.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that depression should be considered when Hispanic Americans present with EDS.
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