Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

735
Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
735
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

653
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
653
Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

1.3K
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
1.3K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

900
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
900
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

1.6K
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
1.6K
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

1.8K
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Role of COVID-19-Associated Fear, Stress and Level of Social Support in Development of Suicidality in Patients Diagnosed with Affective and Stress-Induced Psychiatric Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Comparative Analysis.

Brain sciences·2023
Same author

Lithium: A classic drug-Frequently discussed, but, sadly, seldom prescribed!

The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry·2017
Same author

Extrapyramidal syndromes caused by antipsychotics.

Medicinski pregled·2013
Same author

Kraepelin's concept of manic-depressive insanity: one hundred years later.

Journal of affective disorders·2011
Same author

Nosological status of social phobia: contrasting classical and recent literature.

Current opinion in psychiatry·2010
Same author

[Current issues in psychiatry].

Medicinski pregled·2008

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Mechanisms and Inducing Models of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
04:49

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Mechanisms and Inducing Models of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Published on: July 5, 2024

2.0K

VALPROATE, BIPOLAR DISORDER AND POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME.

Milana Okanović, Olga Zivanović

    Medicinski Pregled
    |August 11, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Valproate, a common bipolar disorder treatment, may increase risks for women, including hyperandrogenism and menstrual issues characteristic of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Women of reproductive age should discuss these risks with their doctors for informed treatment choices.

    More Related Videos

    Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model
    09:44

    Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model

    Published on: March 5, 2022

    3.5K
    A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
    08:20

    A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

    Published on: October 2, 2018

    12.0K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 16, 2026

    Author Spotlight: Investigating the Mechanisms and Inducing Models of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
    04:49

    Author Spotlight: Investigating the Mechanisms and Inducing Models of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

    Published on: July 5, 2024

    2.0K
    Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model
    09:44

    Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model

    Published on: March 5, 2022

    3.5K
    A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
    08:20

    A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

    Published on: October 2, 2018

    12.0K

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Endocrinology
    • Neuropharmacology
    • Women's Health

    Background:

    • Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovarian morphology.
    • Anticonvulsants, particularly valproate, are implicated in PCOS pathogenesis.
    • Valproate is a first-line treatment for acute bipolar disorder in North America.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the potential risks of valproate in women with bipolar disorder.
    • To highlight the association between valproate and PCOS-like symptoms.
    • To inform clinical practice regarding reproductive-aged women.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies on valproate and PCOS.
    • Analysis of clinical guidelines for bipolar disorder treatment.
    • Synthesis of evidence regarding valproate's effects on female reproductive health.

    Main Results:

    • Long-term valproate use is linked to increased risks of hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularities, and polycystic ovaries.
    • Valproate may elevate the risk of infertility and other PCOS-related symptoms.
    • Bipolar disorder management in women requires careful consideration of hormonal and reproductive factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Valproate use in women of reproductive age necessitates significant caution due to potential PCOS risks.
    • Informed discussion of pharmacologic treatment risks and benefits is crucial for female patients.
    • Further research is needed for optimal bipolar disorder treatment strategies in women.