[FREQUENCY AND MEDICAL SOCIAL ASPECTS PREMATURE BIRTH].

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Neonatology
• Public Health

Context:

• Premature birth (PB) remains a critical challenge despite advances in prenatal medicine and neonatal care.
• Globally, PB contributes to 70% of neonatal mortality and 50% of long-term neurological complications.
• Developed nations observe a continuous rise in PB rates, highlighting a complex medical and social problem.

Purpose:

• To address the unresolved issue of premature birth and its severe consequences.
• To explore multifactorial causes including genetics and environmental factors.
• To develop comprehensive therapeutic algorithms for managing premature births, particularly those under 1000g.

Summary:

• Premature birth (PB) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and neurological deficits, with increasing incidence despite medical progress.
• Causes are multifactorial, involving genetics and environment, and PB presents significant economic and social challenges.
• Current research focuses on creating integrated management strategies to decrease PB frequency and mitigate its impact.

Impact:

• Reducing the incidence of premature birth can significantly decrease neonatal mortality and long-term disabilities.
• Improved management strategies can alleviate the substantial economic and social burdens associated with PB.
• Advancements in understanding and treating PB are crucial for improving infant survival and quality of life.