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The Quanta Image Sensor: Every Photon Counts.

Eric R Fossum1, Jiaju Ma2, Saleh Masoodian3

  • 1Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. eric.r.fossum@dartmouth.edu.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Quanta Image Sensor (QIS) revolutionizes imaging by counting individual photons. This technology enables high-speed, high-dynamic-range image capture, potentially shifting how images are acquired.

Keywords:
QISimage sensorlow powerlow read noisephoton countingquanta image sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Sensor Technology
  • Image Processing
  • Photonics

Background:

  • The Quanta Image Sensor (QIS) concept emerged from the need for smaller pixels and increased processing power.
  • Traditional sensors face limitations with shrinking pixel sizes and storage capacities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the QIS concept and its imaging characteristics.
  • To discuss recent advancements in QIS realization for commercial and scientific applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing single-bit QIS with photodetectors called "jots" for photon counting.
  • Generating bit planes through high-speed readout (up to 1000 fps) for data rates exceeding 1 Tb/s.
  • Implementing a pump-gate jot device in a 65 nm CIS BSI process.

Main Results:

  • Achieved low read noise (0.22 e- r.m.s.) and high conversion gain (420 µV/e-).
  • Developed power-efficient readout electronics (0.4 pJ/b).
  • Demonstrated creation of high dynamic range images and understanding of single-bit and multi-bit QIS imaging.

Conclusions:

  • The QIS technology offers a potential paradigm shift in image capture.
  • QIS advancements pave the way for future commercial and scientific imaging solutions.
  • The ability to count photons represents a fundamental change in sensor design.