Cardiometabolic Syndrome and Increased Risk of Heart Failure

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Metabolic Syndrome Research
• Biomathematics

Background:

• Diastolic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) accounts for approximately 50% of heart failure cases.
• Major risk factors include age, inactivity, obesity, insulin resistance (IR), type-2 diabetes, and hypertension.
• HFPEF shares comparable prognosis with systolic heart failure but lacks specific effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a biomathematically corrected diagnostic approach for quantifying diastolic dysfunction (DD) using age-dependent diastolic function.
• To explore pathophysiological mechanisms of DD within the cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS), focusing on IR's impact on myocardial energy supply.
• To discuss therapeutic strategies for CMS, IR, and associated DD/HFPEF, emphasizing dietary interventions.

Main Methods:

• Biomathematical correction applied to diagnostic criteria for diastolic dysfunction.
• Review of pathophysiological mechanisms linking insulin resistance to diastolic dysfunction in cardiometabolic syndrome.
• Analysis of therapeutic strategies, with a focus on dietary interventions for CMS and HFPEF.

Main Results:

• A novel diagnostic approach for DD quantification based on age-related diastolic function is proposed.
• Insulin resistance-induced insufficient myocardial energy supply is identified as a key mechanism for DD in CMS.
• Dietary therapy demonstrates potential for improving CMS manifestations and reducing cardiovascular risk, independent of weight loss.

Conclusions:

• Effective diagnosis and management of HFPEF, particularly related to cardiometabolic syndrome, are critical.
• A biomathematical approach offers improved quantification of diastolic dysfunction.
• Dietary interventions represent a promising therapeutic avenue for managing CMS, IR, and HFPEF.