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Long-term metabolic risk among children born premature or small for gestational age

Veronica Mericq1, Alejandro Martinez-Aguayo2, Ricardo Uauy2,3

  • 1Institute of Maternal and Child Research, University of Chile, Santiago, 8330091, Chile.

Nature Reviews. Endocrinology
|August 20, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Early life growth and the intrauterine environment impact adult chronic disease risk. This review examines metabolic risks in premature or small for gestational age children and prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Early life factors, including intrauterine environment and growth, are increasingly linked to adult chronic noncommunicable diseases.
  • Conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease may have developmental origins.
  • Understanding these early influences is crucial for long-term health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review human data on metabolic risks in premature or small for gestational age children.
  • To explore adrenal and pubertal modifications contributing to metabolic risk.
  • To discuss metabolic changes and risk reduction strategies throughout life.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of human studies.
  • Analysis of data on birth status (preterm, small for gestational age) and metabolic risk.
  • Comparison of risks associated with term versus preterm birth across life stages.

Main Results:

  • Children born premature or small for gestational age exhibit increased metabolic risk.
  • Adrenal and pubertal changes play a role in mediating this risk.
  • Metabolic alterations are observed during adolescence and early adulthood.

Conclusions:

  • Early life factors significantly influence adult metabolic disease risk.
  • Preventive strategies targeting paediatric populations are essential.
  • Interventions aimed at modifying risk factors can improve long-term health.

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