Solubilized extracellular matrix bioscaffolds derived from diverse source tissues differentially influence macrophage...

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Immunology
• Tissue Engineering

Background:

• Host response to biomaterials is crucial for tissue repair.
• Macrophages are key responders and predictors of tissue remodeling.
• Mammalian extracellular matrix (ECM) biomaterials promote constructive remodeling by modulating macrophage responses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the differential effects of ECM bioscaffolds from eight different source tissues on macrophage behavior.
• To analyze changes in macrophage surface marker expression, protein content, phagocytosis, metabolism, and antimicrobial activity.

Main Methods:

• Decellularization of eight distinct tissue sources to create ECM bioscaffolds.
• Exposure of macrophages to these ECM bioscaffolds.
• Analysis of macrophage phenotype (M1/M2 markers), protein content, phagocytic capability, metabolism, and antimicrobial activity.

Main Results:

• ECM bioscaffolds from small intestinal submucosa (SIS), urinary bladder matrix (UBM), brain ECM (bECM), esophageal ECM (eECM), and colonic ECM (coECM) induced a pro-remodeling, anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophage phenotype.
• Dermal ECM induced a pro-inflammatory M1-like phenotype.
• Liver ECM (LECM) and skeletal muscle ECM (mECM) did not significantly alter M1/M2 marker expression.
• All ECM treatments increased macrophage antimicrobial activity.
• Macrophage metabolism was decreased by UBM, bECM, mECM, coECM, and dermal ECM.

Conclusions:

• Different ECM sources elicit distinct macrophage responses, influencing tissue remodeling outcomes.
• SIS, UBM, bECM, eECM, and coECM show potential for promoting constructive, anti-inflammatory tissue repair.
• Understanding these source-specific macrophage modulations is vital for selecting appropriate ECM biomaterials for site-specific tissue regeneration.