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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

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Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
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Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

In Vitro Methods for Comparing Target Binding and CDC Induction Between Therapeutic Antibodies: Applications in Biosimilarity Analysis
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Rituximab: Uses in Dermatology.

K Gleghorn1, J Wilson2, M Wilkerson2

  • 1School of Medicine.

Skin Therapy Letter
|September 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, shows promise for treating skin conditions like chronic graft-versus-host disease and pemphigus vulgaris. It offers a safe alternative when standard therapies fail.

Area of Science:

  • Immunodermatology
  • Monoclonal antibody therapy
  • Autoimmune skin diseases

Background:

  • Rituximab targets CD20-expressing B-cells, impacting immune responses.
  • Dermatology is exploring increasing off-label uses for rituximab.
  • Established indications include certain lymphomas, autoimmune diseases, and vasculitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the off-label applications of rituximab in dermatology.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of rituximab for various cutaneous diseases.
  • To highlight rituximab as a potential treatment option for refractory dermatologic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on rituximab in dermatology.
  • Analysis of clinical data regarding off-label use efficacy.

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  • Assessment of safety profiles in dermatologic patients.

    • Main Results:

    • Chronic graft-versus-host disease and pemphigus vulgaris are key off-label indications.
    • Rituximab demonstrates efficacy in treating specific autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases.
    • It serves as a viable alternative for patients intolerant to or unresponsive to conventional treatments.

    Conclusions:

    • Rituximab holds significant potential for treating various skin diseases beyond its FDA-approved indications.
    • Its safety and efficacy profile supports its consideration in refractory dermatological cases.
    • Further research into rituximab's role in dermatology is warranted.