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Prenatal Undernutrition and Autonomic Function in Adulthood.

Susanne R de Rooij1, Alexander Jones, David I Phillips

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Summary

Prenatal undernutrition did not alter autonomic nervous system function in adulthood. This suggests that changes in autonomic function do not explain the increased heart disease risk observed in individuals exposed to famine during pregnancy.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular research
  • Developmental origins of health and disease

Background:

  • Early-life adversity, including prenatal undernutrition, is linked to later-life cardiovascular disease.
  • The mechanisms underlying this association, particularly concerning the autonomic nervous system, remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether prenatal undernutrition leads to alterations in autonomic nervous system function in late adulthood.
  • To determine if autonomic nervous system dysfunction mediates the increased risk of heart disease associated with prenatal famine exposure.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study of 740 individuals from the Dutch famine birth cohort, assessing autonomic function.
  • Participants were categorized based on exposure to famine during early, mid, or late gestation.
  • Autonomic function was assessed at rest and during psychological stress (Stroop, mirror tracing, speech tasks) via continuous blood pressure and heart rate monitoring.

Main Results:

  • Autonomic function indices were derived from spectral analysis in 602 participants.
  • Psychological stressors induced significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiovascular control measures.
  • No significant differences in autonomic function parameters were found between prenatal famine-exposed and unexposed groups, either at rest or during stress.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal undernutrition is not associated with altered autonomic nervous system function in late adulthood.
  • The study concludes that altered autonomic function does not appear to explain the previously observed increased risk of coronary heart disease in individuals exposed to prenatal famine.