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Updated: Mar 15, 2026
Author Spotlight: Quantifying Pain Experience – An Illustrative Approach Using the Pain Body Diagram
Published on: July 7, 2023
Reliability and refinement of a pain location tool for children's abdominal surgery
James K Hamill1, Jonathan Mair2, Hannah B Steedman3
1Department of Paediatric Surgery, Starship Children's Hospital, Park Road, Auckland, New Zealand.
Aim:
To determine the 'inter-rater' and test-retest reliability of a pain location tool for children.
Materials & Methods:
In children aged 5-14 years who had undergone a laparoscopic operation, pain scores at each of seven abdominal locations, and at the shoulder tip, were recorded at baseline and after a 5- and 30-min interval.
Results:
Intraclass correlation coefficients were predominantly in the 'moderate' to 'substantial' range for both 'inter-rater' and test-retest reliability. Three quarters of children would prefer an electronic version of the tool. Thematic analysis showed accuracy, usability, utility and usefulness were areas for future development.
Conclusion:
Children can reliably indicate where they hurt after laparoscopic surgery. An electronic version could increase acceptability to children and usability by professionals.
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