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Updated: Mar 15, 2026

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

Neurofeedback Tunes Scale-Free Dynamics in Spontaneous Brain Activity.

T Ros¹, P Frewen², J Théberge³

¹Geneva Neuroscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

|September 14, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neurofeedback training increased long-range temporal correlations (LRTCs) in brain oscillations, suggesting the brain can self-tune its temporal complexity. This method normalized abnormal brain dynamics in healthy adults and PTSD patients, improving hyperarousal.

Keywords:

EEG Hurst exponent PTSD alpha rhythm criticality long-range temporal correlations neurofeedback scale-free dynamics

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience
Psychiatry

Background:

Brain oscillations display long-range temporal correlations (LRTCs), reflecting dynamics near criticality.
Altered LRTCs are linked to neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if closed-loop neurofeedback (NFB) can modulate brain oscillation LRTCs.
To examine the impact of NFB on spontaneous cortical activity and its potential clinical applications.

Main Methods:

Healthy adults and patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) underwent NFB to reduce alpha oscillation amplitude.
Spontaneous LRTCs were measured before and after NFB training.

Main Results:

NFB training significantly increased LRTCs in healthy adults.
In PTSD patients, NFB reversed abnormally random dynamics, correlating with reduced hyperarousal.
Regions with low LRTCs normalized toward healthy levels, supporting self-organized criticality.
An inverse-U relationship was found between LRTC strength and oscillation amplitude.

Conclusions:

Spontaneous brain activity retains a capacity for self-tuning temporal complexity, even in psychiatric disorders.
NFB shows potential as a therapeutic tool for conditions characterized by perturbed LRTCs.
Findings provide a framework for NFB research and clinical applications in disorders with altered brain dynamics.