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Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity Modulates Semantic Negative Priming from Single Prime Words.

Juan J Ortells1, Carmen Noguera1, Dolores Álvarez1

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Frontiers in Psychology
|September 14, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive control resources influence semantic negative priming. High working memory capacity individuals show negative priming when ignoring words, unlike those with low capacity.

Keywords:
attentional controlindividual differencesnegative primingsemantic primingworking memory capacity

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Experimental Psychology

Background:

  • Semantic priming effects are well-documented, but the role of cognitive control in semantic negative priming is less understood.
  • Negative priming occurs when processing of a repeated stimulus is slower, suggesting inhibitory mechanisms.
  • Individual differences in cognitive abilities, such as working memory capacity, may modulate these effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if cognitive control resources affect semantic negative priming from single prime words.
  • To examine how working memory capacity influences the processing of attended versus ignored prime words.
  • To determine if semantic negative priming generalizes to semantic associates and is modulated by cognitive control.

Main Methods:

  • Participants with high versus low working memory capacity (WMC) performed a lexical decision task.
  • Participants were instructed to either attend to or ignore a briefly presented prime word.
  • Primes were followed by semantically related or unrelated target words.

Main Results:

  • Attended primes produced reliable positive semantic priming for both high- and low-WMC participants.
  • Ignored primes yielded reliable semantic negative priming only in high-WMC participants.
  • Low-WMC participants showed positive priming for ignored primes, contrary to negative priming.

Conclusions:

  • Single semantic negative priming can generalize to semantic associates.
  • Cognitive control resources significantly modulate semantic negative priming effects.
  • Working memory capacity is a key factor in the manifestation of semantic negative priming, particularly for ignored stimuli.