The association between maternal smoking and placenta abruption: a meta-analysis

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Epidemiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Epidemiological studies indicate maternal smoking elevates placenta abruption risk.
• A previous meta-analysis assessed smoking and placenta abruption, necessitating updated analysis.
• This study aimed to quantify the association between smoking and placenta abruption risk.

Purpose of the Study:

• To estimate the association between maternal smoking and the risk of placenta abruption.
• To synthesize evidence from multiple epidemiological studies.
• To provide a comprehensive risk assessment for healthcare providers and policymakers.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to April 2016.
• Statistical analysis using a random effects model to calculate odds ratios (OR) and relative risk ratios (RRR).
• Heterogeneity and publication bias assessed using Q-test, I² statistic, Begg's, and Egger's tests.

Main Results:

• Analysis included 1167 publications with over 4.3 million participants.
• A significant association was found between smoking and placenta abruption (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.75–1.85).
• Cohort studies also confirmed a significant link (RRR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.51–1.80).

Conclusions:

• Maternal smoking is a confirmed risk factor for placenta abruption.
• The findings underscore the importance of smoking cessation during pregnancy.
• This evidence supports public health interventions aimed at reducing smoking rates among pregnant women.