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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
Published on: August 29, 2025
Content Validation and Utility of a Critical Reflective Inquiry Assessment Tool
Marilyn E Asselin1, James A Fain
1Marilyn E. Asselin, PhD, RN-BC, is Associate Professor, College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. James A. Fain, PhD, RN, BC-ADM, FAAN, is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, Graduate School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.
Abstract:
A Critical Reflective Inquiry (CRI) Assessment Tool was developed based on the CRI Model to assess reflection in nursing practice. Experienced clinicians evaluated the CRI Assessment for clarity and relevance to the CRI Model and nursing practice utility. Content validity index was calculated for each item in the scale and then averaged across all items. The tool has potential in education and orientation for assessing the depth and focus of reflection and what is learned.
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