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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
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In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
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Dynamic Selective Exposure during Decision-Making.

James G Phillips1, Teressa Hoon1, Jason Landon1

  • 1a Auckland University of Technology.

The Journal of General Psychology
|September 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People selectively expose information online, especially after wins in low-risk gambling, driven by Cognitive Dissonance rather than mood maintenance. This impacts dynamic online information access.

Keywords:
Confirmation biasdecision makinggamblingonlineselective exposure

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Online Information Seeking Behavior

Background:

  • Understanding online information access dynamics is crucial in the digital age.
  • Previous research often focused on mood regulation, overlooking other cognitive drivers.
  • The study investigates selective exposure in a simulated gambling context.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how individuals dynamically access and selectively expose themselves to information online.
  • To investigate the role of risk levels and outcomes (wins/losses) in information checking behavior.
  • To explore the underlying psychological mechanisms, such as Cognitive Dissonance and mood maintenance.

Main Methods:

  • 16 participants engaged in simulated Blackjack, playing 120 hands.
  • Account balance checks were recorded after wins and losses under varying risk levels (point multipliers).
  • Individual differences in checking rates and information selectivity were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Significant individual differences in account balance checking rates were observed.
  • Participants more prone to checking balances showed selective exposure to decision-consistent information after low-risk wins.
  • Cognitive Dissonance provided a better explanation for the observed behavior than mood maintenance theory.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive Dissonance influences dynamic online information access, extending beyond static decisions.
  • Selective information exposure in online environments is linked to cognitive processes, not solely mood.
  • Findings have implications for understanding user behavior in interactive digital platforms.