Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

3.3K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
3.3K
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview

3.7K
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
3.7K
Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:26

Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

10.9K
Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of an acid or a base. The nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of acid are called acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions, and nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of a base are called base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions. Epoxides undergo base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions in the presence of a strong nucleophile...
10.9K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.7K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
2.7K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

3.0K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
3.0K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

3.2K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
3.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Slice Collision-Induced Unfolding and Molecular Dynamics Reveal How Post-Translational Succination Reshapes SUMO1 Unfolding Pathways.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·2026
Same author

Mechanistic insights into azo compound back-isomerization from spin-flip time-dependent DFT combined with Marcus theory.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Photoswitching behaviour of quinoline-substituted bicyclooctadienes and the role of protonation.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Decoupling the Roles of Chain Length, Entanglements, and Intermolecular Interactions on the Melt Memory of Semicrystalline Polar Homopolymers.

Macromolecules·2026
Same author

Rational Design of Helical Peptoids for Tetracycline Conjugation: Insights into Molecular Complexation Mechanisms.

Bioconjugate chemistry·2026
Same author

Boosting PVC reactivity through iodination for CO<sub>2</sub>-derived functionalization.

RSC advances·2026
Same journal

Selective Degradation of Polyurethanes in Mixed Plastic Wastes via Ir-Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Covalent Organic Framework Photocatalysts: Decoding Linkage Chemistry in Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis From Air and Water.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Anomeric Amide Enabled Divergent Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Ureas, Carbamates, Thioesters, and Amides From Aldehydes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Anisotropic Magneto-Chiral Dichroism in Lanthanide Complexes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Engineering LE-CT State Synergy in Aminoboranes for Single Molecule White Light Emission and Dual-Mode Chiroptical/Phosphorescence Output.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Editable Hydrogen Bond Network Within the Electric Double Layer for CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

4.0K

Cyclic Polymers by Ring-Closure Strategies.

Thomas Josse1,2, Julien De Winter2, Pascal Gerbaux3

  • 1Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|September 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synthesizing cyclic polymers is challenging due to difficulties in joining chain ends. Recent advances in controlled polymerization and coupling reactions have significantly improved macrocycle preparation via ring-closure methods.

Keywords:
click chemistrymacrocyclesmacromolecular engineeringpolymer sciencering closure

More Related Videos

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

8.6K
Constructing Cyclic Peptides Using an On-Tether Sulfonium Center
07:11

Constructing Cyclic Peptides Using an On-Tether Sulfonium Center

Published on: September 28, 2022

3.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

4.0K
Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

8.6K
Constructing Cyclic Peptides Using an On-Tether Sulfonium Center
07:11

Constructing Cyclic Peptides Using an On-Tether Sulfonium Center

Published on: September 28, 2022

3.2K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Cyclic macromolecule synthesis presents significant challenges in polymer science, primarily due to difficulties in linking polymer chain extremities.
  • Pioneering work by Jacobson and Stockmayer laid the groundwork for cyclic polymer synthesis.
  • The last two decades have seen substantial improvements in preparative pathways for cyclic polymers.

Approach:

  • This review critically examines recent advancements in the ring-closure approach for synthesizing macrocycles.
  • Focus is placed on methods enhancing the availability of cyclic polymers for research and industrial applications.
  • Emphasis is given to monocyclic preparations as foundational for more complex cyclic architectures.

Key Points:

  • Controlled polymerization techniques have revolutionized cyclic polymer synthesis.
  • Efficient coupling reactions in organic chemistry are crucial for macrocycle formation.
  • The ring-closure strategy is a key method for accessing cyclic macromolecules.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in improving the synthesis of cyclic polymers.
  • The ring-closure approach offers a viable route to macrocycles, particularly monocycles.
  • Further research continues to enhance the accessibility and utility of cyclic polymers.