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Related Concept Videos

Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

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The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

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High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
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High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
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Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

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Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

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In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
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Optimizing Chromatographic Separations01:15

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Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
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Spiral counter-current chromatography: Design, development, application, and challenges.

Xin-Yi Huang1, Xiao-Ming Sun1, Dong Pei1,2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Gansu, China.

Journal of Separation Science
|September 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spiral counter-current chromatography enhances stationary phase retention for challenging aqueous systems. This advanced technique offers improved separation of hydrophilic compounds, presenting a promising alternative in chromatography.

Keywords:
High-speed counter-current chromatographyLiquid-liquid extractionSpiral counter-current chromatographyStationary phases

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Area of Science:

  • Chromatography
  • Separation Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Conventional multilayer coils counter-current chromatography struggles with retention in high-viscosity, ultra-polar aqueous systems.
  • Spiral counter-current chromatography (SCC) utilizes radial centrifugal force gradients to overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements and applications of spiral counter-current chromatography.
  • To highlight the benefits and limitations of SCC.
  • To discuss novel methods for improving separation efficiency and future perspectives.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on spiral counter-current chromatography.
  • Analysis of SCC's advantages over conventional methods for specific sample types.
  • Examination of techniques to enhance separation efficiency in SCC.

Main Results:

  • SCC significantly improves stationary phase retention, particularly for challenging aqueous two-phase systems.
  • This technique is well-suited for the separation of hydrophilic compounds.
  • Recent progress shows SCC's potential in separating complex real-world samples.

Conclusions:

  • Spiral counter-current chromatography is an attractive alternative for separating hydrophilic compounds.
  • Further development is needed to address remaining challenges and fully realize SCC's potential.
  • SCC offers exciting progress and future perspectives in separation science.