Specific Aspects of Drug Hypersensitivity in Children

Suspicion for drug hypersensitivity (DH) is a common reason for children's referral to an allergy department, with β-lactam antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as the most frequently involved drugs. The prevalence of DH in children remains not well defined as epidemiologic studies in children are lacking, and the most of those take into account adverse drug reactions (ADR) without a systematic allergy work-up to confirm or exclude hypersensitivity. The clinical history is mandatory in order to classify the reaction as being immediate or non-immediate and then to subsequently adapt the allergy work-up. Mainly due to the lack of studies, the same guidelines used for diagnosis of drug allergy in adults are generally used in the pediatric population, and the diagnosis is based mainly on in vivo tests (i.e. skin tests and/or drug provocation test) and rarely on in vitro tests. However, specific aspects of management of DH in children have been recently highlighted.