Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

29.4K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
29.4K
What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

21.3K
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
21.3K
Rolling Resistance01:21

Rolling Resistance

730
When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
For instance, imagine a hard cylinder rolling on a comparatively soft surface. The cylinder's weight compresses the surface beneath it. As the cylinder moves, the material in front of it slows down due to...
730
Rolling Resistance: Problem Solving01:17

Rolling Resistance: Problem Solving

901
Rolling resistance, also known as rolling friction, is the force that resists the motion of a rolling object, such as a wheel, tire, or ball, when it moves over a surface. It is caused by the deformation of the object and the surface in contact with each other, as well as other factors like internal friction, hysteresis, and energy losses within the materials. Rolling resistance opposes the object's motion, requiring additional energy to overcome it and maintain movement. In practical...
901
Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency01:19

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

22.0K
The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion....
22.0K
Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

31.8K
A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
31.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nature of innovations affecting photovoltaic system costs.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Evaluating Low-Carbon Transportation Technologies When Demand Responds to Price.

Environmental science & technology·2022
Same author

Testing and improving technology forecasts for better climate policy.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2021
Same author

Net-zero emissions energy systems.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2018
Same author

Vehicle emissions of short-lived and long-lived climate forcers: trends and tradeoffs.

Faraday discussions·2017
Same author

Innovation: Clean energy enters virtuous cycle.

Nature·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe
09:34

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe

Published on: December 4, 2016

29.0K

Personal Vehicles Evaluated against Climate Change Mitigation Targets.

Marco Miotti, Geoffrey J Supran, Ella J Kim

  • 1Santa Fe Institute , Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology
|September 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Consumers can purchase low-carbon vehicles without higher costs. Most hybrid and battery electric vehicles meet 2030 climate targets, but achieving 2050 goals requires carbon-free electricity for electric vehicles.

More Related Videos

Measuring Sub-23 Nanometer Real Driving Particle Number Emissions Using the Portable DownToTen Sampling System
08:59

Measuring Sub-23 Nanometer Real Driving Particle Number Emissions Using the Portable DownToTen Sampling System

Published on: May 22, 2020

6.0K
Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street
14:55

Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street

Published on: January 20, 2023

4.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe
09:34

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe

Published on: December 4, 2016

29.0K
Measuring Sub-23 Nanometer Real Driving Particle Number Emissions Using the Portable DownToTen Sampling System
08:59

Measuring Sub-23 Nanometer Real Driving Particle Number Emissions Using the Portable DownToTen Sampling System

Published on: May 22, 2020

6.0K
Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street
14:55

Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street

Published on: January 20, 2023

4.5K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental science
  • Climate change mitigation
  • Sustainable transportation

Background:

  • Global climate change mitigation requires reducing transportation greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Various low-emission vehicle technologies are currently available to consumers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the costs and carbon intensities of 125 light-duty vehicle models in the U.S. market.
  • To assess these vehicles against U.S. emission-reduction targets for 2030, 2040, and 2050 compatible with limiting global temperature rise to 2°C.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cost and carbon intensity data for 125 light-duty vehicle models.
  • Comparison of vehicle emissions against U.S. climate policy targets for 2030, 2040, and 2050.

Main Results:

  • Low-carbon vehicles are not necessarily more expensive; clean vehicles are often low-cost.
  • Most hybrid and battery electric vehicles available today meet the 2030 climate target.
  • Current average vehicle carbon intensity exceeds the 2030 target by over 50%.

Conclusions:

  • Consumers can opt for cost-effective, low-carbon transportation solutions now.
  • Achieving long-term climate targets necessitates a transition to electric vehicles powered by increasingly decarbonized electricity grids.
  • Significant progress in vehicle technology and grid decarbonization is essential for meeting future emission reduction goals.