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Carbohydrate Nanoparticles for Brain Delivery.

A Lalatsa¹, E Barbu¹

¹School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.

International Review of Neurobiology

|September 29, 2016

Summary

Emerging carbohydrate nanoparticles offer a promising noninvasive strategy for delivering drugs across the blood-brain barrier to treat neurological diseases. Chitosan nanoparticles show significant potential, enhancing drug delivery and therapeutic effects in preclinical studies.

Keywords:

Blood–brain barrier Carbohydrates Cellulose nanocrystals Chitosan Cyclodextrins Dextran Hyaluronic acid Nanoparticles Nasal Pullulan

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Neuroscience
Biomaterials Science

Background:

Brain tumors and neurological diseases require effective drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
Nanomedicines offer targeted delivery of potent pharmaceuticals, but crossing the BBB remains a challenge.
Carbohydrates are attractive for drug carriers due to biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ease of modification.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the latest research on carbohydrate-based nanoparticles for central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery.
To discuss challenges and current strategies for overcoming the BBB.
To highlight the potential of specific carbohydrate nanocarriers, particularly chitosan.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on nanomedicine and BBB penetration strategies.
Focus on carbohydrate-based nanoparticles, including chitosan, dextran, pullulan, and cellulose.
Analysis of preclinical studies demonstrating efficacy of nanocarrier systems.

Main Results:

Chitosan-based nanoparticles have shown significant promise in preclinical studies.
These nanomedicines enhanced brain drug levels and pharmacodynamic responses via intravenous, nasal, and oral administration.
Other polysaccharides like dextran, pullulan, and cellulose also warrant further investigation.

Conclusions:

Carbohydrate nanoparticles, especially chitosan, represent a viable strategy for noninvasive CNS drug delivery.
Further research into various polysaccharide-based nanocarriers is crucial for advancing BBB penetration technologies.
Targeted nanomedicines hold great potential for treating brain disorders.