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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
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Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition
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[Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma].

U Leiter1, R Gutzmer2, M Alter3

  • 1Zentrum für Dermato-Onkologie, Universitäts-Hautklinik, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland. ulrike.leiter@med.uni-tuebingen.de.

Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, Und Verwandte Gebiete
|September 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common skin cancer. Treatment involves surgery, with options like radiotherapy or chemotherapy for advanced cases, and risk-adapted follow-up care.

Keywords:
ExcisionHistologyManagementSkin neoplasmsTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) constitutes 20% of non-melanoma skin cancers, frequently affecting Caucasian populations.
  • Accurate diagnosis relies on clinical presentation and histopathological confirmation for prognosis and treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline current diagnostic and treatment strategies for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
  • To discuss follow-up protocols based on patient risk stratification.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established treatment modalities including surgical excision, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.
  • Consideration of emerging therapies such as EGFR inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockers.
  • Emphasis on histopathological confirmation and risk-adapted follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Complete surgical excision with margin control is the standard for primary SCC.
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy may be considered for tumors thicker than 6 mm, though evidence is limited.
  • Radiotherapy serves as an alternative for inoperable tumors or adjuvant therapy; chemotherapy lacks a standard regimen for metastatic disease.

Conclusions:

  • Treatment decisions for SCC should be guided by histopathological findings and tumor characteristics.
  • Risk-adapted follow-up, including dermatological surveillance and ultrasound for high-risk patients, is recommended.
  • Novel therapeutic agents are primarily explored within clinical trials.